Energy Rich
Concentrates:
Cereal
grains (wheat, maize, barley, oats, sorghum, rice), wheat bran, rice
polishing, molasses, and sugar beet pulp are characterized as energy
rich concentrates. Although cereal grains are mainly used as human
food and not included in the feed of dairy animals but their by
products like rice polishing, maize bran and wheat bran are commonly
used as animal feed.
Molasses is by product of sugar industry. It is a thick viscous
material which is high insoluble carbohydrates and some minerals.
Although molasses is a cheap and energy rich feed but still it is
not commonly used by local farmers. Molasses can be included in the
diet by mixing it with other concentrates, spraying it on dry
roughages or providing it as a free lick or as solidified molasses
urea block. The palatability and consumption of poor quality
roughages are increased by the use of molasses.
Fats and oils contain about 2.25 times as much energy as
carbohydrates or proteins. Due to their cost,
fats and oils are not routinely used for livestock feeding.
Maize Grains
Oat Grains Rice
Grains
Wheat
Grains
Sorghum Grains
Wheat
Bran
Molasses
Protein Rich
Concentrate:
Protein rich concentrates are derived from plants and animals.
Protein concentrates of plant origin are mostly by products of the oil
extraction industry. Oilcakes are
produced when oil from seed is extracted mechanically while oil
meals are the byproducts of the solvent extraction process. Compared
to oil meals oilcakes are low in protein and high in residual fat.
They generally include the fibrous part of seeds. Among the
available oilcakes, cottonseed cake and maize oilcake have high
protein value for ruminants due to their low ruminal degradability
as compared to mustard seed cake which is highly degradable.
Generally all animal origin proteins are less degradable in the
rumen and therefore are good sources of protein for ruminants. These
include blood meal, fish meal, bone meal, meat meal, feather meal.
But concentrates of animal origin are normally not recommended in
ruminant's feeding.
Cotton Seed Cake
Maize Oil Cake
Mustard Seed Cake
Fish Meal
Blood Meal
Bone Meal
Feather Meal
Meat Meal
Nutritive Values of Concentrates
Name of Concentrate |
DM
(%) |
CP(%) |
EE(%) |
CF(%) |
Ash(%) |
NFE(%) |
Mustardseed cake |
91.7 |
32.4 |
9.6 |
19.8 |
12.0 |
26.2 |
Cottonseed
cake |
91.9 |
23.4 |
8.8 |
27.4 |
6.8 |
33.6 |
Maize
oilcake |
94.6 |
16.5 |
12.1 |
9.3 |
1.6 |
60.5 |
Wheat bran
|
89.7 |
14.5 |
3.5 |
8.8 |
4.1 |
68.7 |
Rice bran
|
89.7 |
8.2 |
7.7 |
13.0 |
17.2 |
53.9 |
Wheat bread
|
89.7 |
14.9 |
3.5 |
8.8 |
4.1 |
68.7 |
Maize
gluten feed |
87.9 |
12.5 |
10.6 |
12.7 |
1.0 |
63.2 |
Maize
gluten meal 30% |
90.9 |
26.2 |
1.8 |
8.7 |
6.7 |
56.6 |
Maize
gluten feed 60% |
91.5 |
54.7 |
3.4 |
2.6 |
1.5 |
37.8 |
Cottonseed
meal |
92.2 |
36.7 |
8.7 |
15.4 |
7.2 |
32.0 |
Guar meal
|
93.2 |
44.3 |
5.7 |
12.2 |
1.5 |
36.3 |
Soybean
meal |
91.8 |
48.4 |
2.8 |
7.2 |
8.5 |
33.1 |
Sunflower
meal |
91.1 |
35.5 |
1.1 |
19.1 |
8.6 |
35.5 |
Rapeseed
meal |
96.7 |
35.7 |
8.6 |
12.4 |
7.5 |
35.8 |
Fish meal
|
90.7 |
56.3 |
8.7 |
0.9 |
19.9 |
14.2 |
Blood meal
|
92.1 |
54.5 |
1.5 |
0.9 |
15.8 |
27.3 |
|