It is
formally known as vibriosis. Its causative agent is Chlostridium
fetus or Vibrio fetus. It is venereal disease transmitted through
coitus. Bull is carrier. Even organism can be localized for years in
reproductive tract and transmitted through sex. Incidence has
reduced from 40-50 % to 5-6 % due to AI.
When
we introduce a new bull all tests should be performed. Screening is
carried out for selection or bull. Extender antibiotics are added in
semen.
Bull
can be carrier without showing sexual lesions. It does not affect
libido and spermeogram. All semen quality parameters are normal. It
is localized in glance penis, in prepuce and in distal part of
urethra. Even after localization there are no lesions. But sometime
it may lead to Balonoposthitis. So by coitus it is shifted to female
reproductive tract. In vagina it causes vaginitis, in cervix
cervicitis and in uterus endometritis. Persistent infection can lead
to salpangitis (inflammation of fallopian tube).
In
endometrium it will cause mild endometritis and there will be
accumulation of lymphytes around the uterine horn or periglandular
space which will produce muco-purulent discharge. Usually this
organism does not hinder with fertilization. There may be normal
fertilization. But it definitely hinders the nidation or attachment
of embryo.
If
it causes the early embryonic death before maternal recognition of
pregnancy, there will be no effect on estrus cycle. If it occurs
after maternal recognition then estrus cycle will be prolonged. If
hinders at day 16, estrus cycle will be prolonged.
Abortion occurs from 4-7 month. In uterus it causes placnetitis and
there will be deficiency of nutrition and death occurs.
It
may lead to retention of fetal membrane and resemblance will be
brucellosis due to leathery placenta.
There is possibility of self cure. So give sexual rest.
Diagnosis:
Identification of organism from male. It can be identified by pre-prucial
washing. There will be specific treatment for collection. Give
epidural 3-4 cc. Media for washing is PBS (phosphate buffer saline)
at pH 7.2. Ringer lactate is also used. 50-100 ml medium is taken in
syringe and infused in urethra. Then close urethral opening and
shake the prepuce. After 5-10 minutes this whole is collected in
beaker. Series of cultures are required.
Serological Test:
SAT
(for this aborted fetus is required)
VMAT
(vaginal mucous agglutinating test). Preferably collect diestrus
mucous because estrus mucous interfere agglutination due to having
high quantity of hormones and minerals.
Selection of immunoglobulin specially IgA. It is detected by ELISA.
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