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BHV-1 (Bovine Herpes virus-1). This virus causes acute respiratory
problem. So there will be conjuctivitis and sever respiratory
distress. There are two major types of disease; respiratory type and
genital type. Genital type is known as IPV (infectious pustular
vulvovaginitis)
Transmission:
Transmission is through coitus but it can also occur by contaminated
feed and bedding, licking of genital parts, semen as carrier.
Symptoms:
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After coitus symptoms will appear within 24-48 hours.
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There will be severe vaginal congestion and swelling of vulvular
lips.
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There will formation of red vesicles on vagina from vulva to
cervix.
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Vaginal exudates also contain fresh blood.
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When lesions in genial tract, examination with glass speculum to
see the deep lesions.
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Infected semen affects uterus, vagina, cervix and leads to
embryonic death.
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Genital type is responsible for bacterial necrotizing oophritis
(both ovaries will be inflamed having necrotic focci). It will
lead to poor quality corpus luteum as a result the level of progesterone
produced will be less (in early pregnancy only corpus luteum produce
progesterone). So it will act as associated cause of abortion
along with the infection.
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Abortion may occur form 4th month to term.
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Viremia will develop in 2-5 days. It also depends upon the
health status of animal.
Diagnosis:
Diagnosis is carried out by signs and symptoms, serum for isolation
of organism, vaginal swab, and uterine swab. Take vaginal swab by
Tempon method. Take a long thin stick of 1.5 feet, with cotton
bandage at upper part. It is rubbed in uterus and sample is
collected and then transferred to VTM (Virus transport medium)
immediately. Tempon is usually used in mare but can also be used in
cow.
Treatment:
Vaccination in pregnant animal it should be killed vaccine. Live
attenuated vaccine should be used in non pregnant animal. This
vaccination is recommended in replacement heifer at 6 month of age,
second at the time of service and third at 4-5 month of gestation.
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